Everything You Need to Know About the Flu Shot This Season

As physicians, one of the most common conversations we have with patients this time of year is about the influenza vaccine or the "flu shot". Each season brings new questions, and our goal is to make sure you have the facts so you can make the best decision for your health. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about flu shots:

What causes the flu?

The flu is caused by a virus called influenza. Influenza tends to occur in epidemics. Each outbreak is caused by a virus slightly different from the earlier ones. Scientists often name the different strains (types) of the virus after the location where the strain was first identified. There are four main types of influenza virus: type A, type B, type C, and type D. Types B and C affect only human beings. Type A can infect humans and certain animals (like swine) as well. The animals may then carry and transmit the infection. Epidemics may be caused by either type A or type B or both. Type D only affects cattle. Influenza treatment is possible if medications are started early enough in the form of Tamiflu. The flu can cause significant respiratory symptoms, especially in asthmatics, immunocompromised patients, those who have chronic conditions, or the elderly. That is why it is important to get vaccinated. 

What time of year does the Flu occur?

Influenza outbreaks occur most frequently in the winter months, though they are not caused by cold weather. In the United States, influenza generally peaks between December and March. The outbreaks are thought to be related to the crowding of people indoors during cold weather. In such crowded situations, the virus has a greater chance than usual to spread.

How is the flu shot designed?

The flu shot is designed each year by selecting the viral strains that are predicted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the upcoming season based on yearly global surveillance. 

When is the best time to get a flu shot?

The ideal time is early in the fall—September and October—before flu activity increases in the community. That said, it’s never “too late.” If flu viruses are still circulating, it’s still worthwhile to get protected.

How effective is the flu shot?

The effectiveness varies from year to year depending on how well the vaccine matches circulating strains. On average, it reduces your risk of getting the flu by 40–60%. Even if you do get sick, people who are vaccinated typically have a milder illness and a lower risk of hospitalization or serious complications.

Why do I need a flu shot every year?

The influenza virus changes quickly. Each year’s vaccine is updated to target the strains expected to be most common that season. Your immunity from last year’s shot also fades over time, so a yearly vaccine is necessary for protection.

What’s in the flu shot?

The flu shot contains inactivated (killed) virus or pieces of the virus that cannot cause infection. The formula is updated every year based on global surveillance of which flu strains are spreading. 

Can the flu shot give me the flu?

No. Because the flu shot does not contain live virus, it cannot give you the flu. Some people may feel achy or run a slight fever for a day or two afterward—that’s just your immune system building protection.

Are there side effects?

Most side effects are mild, such as soreness at the injection site or mild fatigue. Serious side effects are extremely rare, and the benefits far outweigh the risks.

Who should get the flu shot?

Everyone 6 months and older should be vaccinated, with very few exceptions. It’s especially important for young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with chronic conditions like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease.

Can I get the flu shot with other vaccines or services?

Yes. It’s perfectly safe to receive the flu vaccine at the same time as other recommended vaccines or during a routine medical visit. In fact, many of our patients find it convenient to request the flu shot while they’re already in for another service.

How long does it take to work?

It takes about two weeks after your flu shot for your body to build full immunity. That’s why getting vaccinated early in the season is recommended.

What if I already had the flu this season?

It’s still a good idea to get the flu shot. Several strains of flu circulate each year, and having one strain doesn’t protect you from the others.

Your Health Matters—Protect Yourself This Season

The flu shot is one of the simplest steps you can take to protect yourself and your loved ones from serious illness. If you haven’t gotten yours yet, now is the perfect time.

Call our office today to schedule your appointment—and let us know you’d like a flu shot when you come in for your other services.